Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Bed Breakfast Marketing Plan - 1349 Words

Marketing amp; Organizational Plan: Lester Estate’s Bed amp; Breakfast Inn Marketing amp; Organizational Plan Lester Estate’s Bed amp; Breakfast Inn Discuss the marketing research process for the product/service of the new venture. â€Å"The most effective way to begin is for the entrepreneur to sit down and make a list of the information that will be needed to prepare the marketing plan (Hisrich, Peters, amp; Shepherd, 2010, p. 227).† Market research will be conducted to get a better understanding of the bed and breakfast industry and competitors. The owners will also be able to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the bed and breakfast industry. Gathering market research data will allow Lester Estate’s Bed amp;†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the owners hope to attract beach tourists. Even though the bed and breakfast is forty-five minutes away from Myrtle Beach, there are some tourist wait to make hotel arrangements when they get to the beach. The desired benefit of bed and breakfast will be to give tourist the opportunity to rest and make accommodations for their beach vacation. The other market segment the owners will target during the off season is the local community members. The bed and breakfast will be the ideal place for local business owners to host business meetings and accommodate their out of town guest. The bed and breakfast will also appeal to local patrons who are interested in hosting baby showers, bridal showers, and romantic getaways. Discuss the marketing mix components: product strategy (position, branding), pricing strategy, distribution (marketing channel) concept, and promotional (marketing communication) strategy. The product strategy of the marketing mix will describe the bed and breakfast and the service that will be available to customers. Guests of Lester Estate’s Bed and Breakfast will enjoy the uniqueness and elegance of the facility. They will have access to the different amenities available and 24-hour privacy. The quality service will have guest wanting to come back again for a luxurious and scheduled visit. When considering their pricing strategy, Lester Estate’s owners factored in their competition, margins, and cost to keep theShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategies871 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing Strategies Marketing strategy is the plan of an organization to market its product. A good marketing strategy enables the organization to get the best marketing results and help it sustain its marketing advantage by using limited amount of resource. This report is the comparison of marketing strategies of three different companies. Lansing Aviation Lansing Aviation is a private company which provides aircrafts on rental to individuals and to flight training. It provides aviation consultancyRead MoreGood Out Of The City Location Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction of bed and breakfast style as a result of increasing market demand. †¢ Decrease in income levels prompting lack of leisure related services. Competition Analysis Like any other business, bed and breakfast establishments may have competition despite the scale. However, within the hospitality industry, Koromo Bed Breakfast will be competing with hotels and logdes as the direct competitors. Among other competitors include motels that though have the same bed and breakfast setting, theyRead MoreImplementation and Project Plan for a Santa Cruz Bed and Breakfast1558 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: Implementation/Project Plan a Santa Cruz Bed Breakfast 1: Overview The objective of this paper is to provide implementation and project plan for Santa Cruz Bed Breakfast. 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The sector includes both accommodation and food services establishments because the two activities are often combined at the same establishmentRead MoreMarketing Manager Of A Dolphin Palms Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesAs I am The Marketing Manager of a dolphin palms chain of medium range of Resorts in the Fiji, a family from New Zealand will plan to come to the Fiji for tropical holiday to escape the winter of New Zealand, The tourist were mail me about their situation, problems and their needs and wants from my resorts, they were found about my resorts through the internet and through the friends also, so as a Marketing Manager it is my responsibilities to provide best foods and services to the tourist. For thatRead MoreQuestions On Prospective Financial Information Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesThi s also ensures that specific tax requirements and allowances are met. For example, lodgement of the Business Activity Statement is quarterly where as individual tax returns are annually. The company name and registration will be â€Å"Seaside Bed and Breakfast† and Natalia Garrido wholly owns the business. 2.3 Location The Seaside BB will be located in Manly Beach, NSW and has more than 2.1 million visitors per year (Destination NSW, 2014). Figure 1 demonstrates domestic an international visitorsRead MoreThree Health Care Organizations That Are Of Interest To1009 Words   |  5 PagesHospital of Athens LTAC DeKalb Medical Center LTAC is a non-profit organization that offers long term acute care. They have 76 beds in their facility. Wellstar Health System LTAC is also a non-profit health organization that offers long term acute care. They have 115 beds in their facility. Lastly, Landmark Hospital in Athens, offers long term acute care and has 42 bed in their facility but they are for-profit. Non-profit hospitals does not mean that they cannot make a profit, it just meansRead More5 P’S Of Health Care Marketing Forlong Term Acute Care1014 Words   |  5 Pages5 P’s of Health Care Marketing for Long Term Acute Care Facilities Three health care organizations that are of interest to me are the following LTAC facilities within the Greater Atlanta Area. 1. Dekalb Medical LTAC 2. Wellstar Health System LTAC 3. Landmark Hospital of Athens LTAC DeKalb Medical Center LTAC is a non-profit organization that offers long term acute care. They have 76 beds in their facility. Wellstar Health System LTAC is also a non-profit health organization that offersRead MoreEssay about How the World-Wide-Web Impacts the way of Doing Business940 Words   |  4 Pageschannels(multimedia). Also smaller businesses such as Bed and Breakfast, Small Inns are starting to use the internet to grow their business (Lituchy Rail, 2000). Very often the world-wide-web is the only possibility for these businesses to reach out for the global market. However, especially young people are using the internet more and more frequently to plan their holidays. Small businesses on the other hand can save costs conducting marketing and advertisement via the internet. They can save onRead MoreBusiness Plan1563 Words   |  7 PagesTsing Yi Hotel Business Plan Business plan outline: 1.0 Executive Summary Objectives Keys to Success Mission 2.0 Company Summary Company Ownership Start-up summary 3.0 Services 4.0 Market Analysis Summary SWOT: Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats Market Segmentation Service Business Analysis 5.0 Strategy and Implementation Summary Competitive Edge Marketing Strategy Sales Strategy Sales Forecast 6.0 Web Plan Summary Website Marketing Strategy Development

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Importance of the Curriculum to the Society by Phunziro Mphwina Free Essays

PURPOSE OF THE CURRICULUM TO THE SOCIETY Introduction In 1995 Hornby described education as a process of training and instruction of children and young people in educational institutions which is designed to give knowledge and develop skills useful to the society. This process is centred by a number of planned activities which hold the potentials of imparting the skills significant to the society just as the definition points out. An outline or structure of these activities is what makes up an educational curriculum. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of the Curriculum to the Society by Phunziro Mphwina or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pillai (1984; p5) defines the curriculum as a comprehensive plan for an educational training programme or course to offer new or improved manpower to fulfil the rising needs of a dynamic society . Below is a discussion of some of the purposes of the curriculum to the society. * The curriculum serves the function of a tool for societal development. The curriculum include important and knowledge to be imparted on the learners, this is to say that there is a supplement of ideas on the students despite their innate intelligence. These new ideas help in discoveries that may assist in the society’s growth for example, new ways of increasing agricultural productivity. A student at school may encounter an idea that may help in the increase of agricultural outputs and if he implements this new idea, the society to which he belongs, would develop economically. A point which Jacobs (1997, p23) agrees with by saying that â€Å"education is the realization of each person’s unique potentialities thus, education focuses on the social conditions that block the fullest realisation of individual potentialities as it emphasizes on the changes in the present system required to bring about a more humanistic society†. This is just to say that education allows learners to make important contributions to the societies to which they belong, on the other hand enhancing the development of their particular societies. The curriculum also works as a source of societal cohesion. Webster (2011, p365) described a society as an enduring and cooperating social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one another. This togetherness is partially achieved through the curriculum in that the curriculum holds distinctive aims and objectives and these are shared amongst all kinds of members of education al institutions across the nation. This is to say that there are similar goals set across the communities of the nation despite the societal differences. To achieve these goals and objectives the society members must share ideas and cooperate and this fosters cohesion as members of different communities are inclined to come together and formulate ways by which they can attain their shared goals. The curriculum serving the purpose of cohesion fostering element amongst members of the society. * The curriculum holds the purpose of effective societal problem solving. Basing on one of the ideologies on which education is found, it can be easily said that education can be used for effective societal problem solving, whereby the curriculum happens to be an integral part of the education system. Adopting such an ideology thus education for problem solving, it means that the curriculum in this case must pertain to such an ideology. Whereby it has to include activities and experiences that will allow students attain effective methods of problem solving. In this case the curriculum being used as a tool for effective problem solving. If student undergo experiences of such a curriculum it means they will positively contribute to their particular societies in terms of problem solving. Hence the curriculum depicting the purpose of effective problem solving in the society. Brosnan (1999, p64) agrees by saying that â€Å"the individual is a unique personality who finds his greatest satisfaction in self-expression in response to the changing world†. Thus humans find it less of a burden when they speak out their suggestions and solutions to particular problems affecting the society and this is exactly what the curriculum offers through the educational system. The curriculum works as tool for awareness in the society. In the experiences included in the educational curriculum, there are relevant topics that each and every person is to be aware of, for example in Social studies are concerning human rights, child and women’s welfare. These are some of the important things that are rendered to the students unde r the guidance of the curriculum, when these learners accommodate such ideas and dissipate them on those that happen to be of a shared society as these learners, the curriculum may work as an agent of awareness. This would be so as the learners would function as messengers in their societies as they will let the others know their rights and entitlements. Hence the curriculum serving the purpose of an awareness agent in the society. * The curriculum serves the purpose of societal problem identification. This idea comes about during the development of the curriculum, where a number of steps are covered on of which is that of identifying the background of a nation before coming up with the curriculum. As the professionals struggle to come up with basis of a country they also realise the problem that a nation goes through both in the social economic and cultural context. These problems are implicitly addressed in the activities that are included in the curriculum, thus for example commerce studies which equips students with commercial skills, may help eradicate financial problems that members of the society encounter. Hence the curriculum serving the function of problem identification and solution implementation in the society. * The curriculum as an element for cultural preservation and continuity in the society. Knowing that different societies hold different beliefs and values, the curriculum put into account these differences. This is done when the professionals are formulating the curriculum they tend to include some of the major beliefs and values that the children must be equipped with in older to achieve cultural preservation and continuity. Inclusion of experiences that hold cultural values does not only ensure cultural continuity but also enable the students to recognise their national and cultural identities, how they are developed, and how they can be maintained in their respective societies (O’Neill, 1990; p78). Thus the curriculum being in the position of enhancing cultural preservation and continuity in the society. * Ethical function of the curriculum The curriculum being at the centre of the education system, it holds all sorts of functions along with it, one of which includes social control. In this case the curriculum helps in maintenance of law and older in the society, whereby the curriculum gives learners the access to instruction for proper behaviour and personal conduct, for example, at schools children are taught not to steak from others rather to ask for whatever they want in a polite manner. This is the expected mode of conduct which helps reduce cases of increased rates of thieves as these youngsters are nurtured to behave in the required way in their early stages of life. In this case inclusion of such elements in the curriculum enables members of the society to be morally sound. Hence the curriculum serving the function of ensuring ethical conduct. * The curriculum helping in shaping the society The International Educational Agency (I. E. R) report (2006, p3), pin pointed that the curriculum as the core of the education system helps equip students with better skills of reflection which is a vital element for students to grow as learners and as useful citizens of the society. Coupled with the skills of gathering and organising information students have constant opportunities to practice responsible self-direction in the society. In addition, much of the curriculum is concerned with allowing students to learn about how people live in other places, times and how they are expected to influence the society. These understandings help students to develop high levels of self-awareness. This all can be achieved through the curriculum hence the curriculum helping in shaping the society by producing students that will be able to effectively self-guide themselves in the society. Conclusion Despite the strengths that govern the curriculum, there are a lot of shortfalls that can be corrected, for example inclusion of the rights of those in minority, thus the disabled, elderly just to mention a few. These also happen to be part and parcel of the society, whereby the topics of awareness included in the curriculum seem to dwell much on the abled. Consideration of teacher’s expertise when it comes to their familiarity with the materials and methods prescribed to be used in the teaching and learning process, this is to say that the curriculum indicates that it assumes that teachers are conversant with the materials they are expected to use in the teaching and learning process. Even though the curriculum assigns teachers to particular topic to teach, it does not opt for a follow up on whether there is observation of the prescribed topics and see if the required values are really being imparted on to the learners for the society’s benefit. REFERENCES Brosnan, M. J. (1999). Modelling Technophobia: a case for word processing Computers in Human Behaviour, New York; Guilford Hornby, A. S. (1995). Oxford dictionary: advanced learners edition 5, London; Oxford press International Education Agency, (2006). Report: Society and environment curriculum, revised edition: I. E. A Jacobs, D. (1996). LISREL8 user’s reference guide, Illinois, USA: Scientific Software International. O’Neill, W. F. (1990). Educational Ideologies Contemporary Expressions of Educational Philosophy, Iowa: Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company Pillai B. M. (1984). Smart schools: Better thinking and learning for every child, New York, USA: The Free Press. Webster, M. (2011). Higher Education in the 21st Century: Futures, New Jersey: USA Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF FOUNDATION STUDIES COURSE TITLE: CURRICULUM THEORY AND PRACTICE COOURSE CODE: EDU 3102 TO: Mrs O Nampanda FROM: Phunziro B. M Mphwina ASSIGNMENT: THE PURPOSE OF THE CURRICULUM TO THE SOCIETY DUE DATE 22/03/13 How to cite Importance of the Curriculum to the Society by Phunziro Mphwina, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Mediating Influence on Customer Loyalty †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Mediating Influence on Customer Loyalty. Answer: Introduction This report provides a detailed analysis of case scenario give in the case study, which is revolving around the partnership and segmentation. The report discusses how the organizations in the hotel industry should apply their marketing approaches partnering with healthcare organizations as the purpose of increasing customer base. In order to address the first question, the importance of using segmentation information to become more specific in their appeals. In addition, the first question has also been addressed by presenting the importance of partnership in a competitive business environment. I strongly agree with the proposed marketing approaches of using segmentation information of London Firm because it is certain that hospitality industry has become dynamic with respect to needs, demands, and trends. Moreover, Blomme, Van Rheede and Tromp (2010) mentioned that hotel industry will be more competitive in next 10 years compared to todays scenario because understanding the increased number of travellers, the new organizations are entering the industry which is could be a biggest threat to the existing hotel organizations. Thereby, it is necessary for the organizations in the hotel industry to think of applying the alternative marketing approaches. The segmentation information help the organization to learn about customers and patients separately. When the organizations have separate information about the patients, they target those patients with more developed packages. According to the case study, there are some patients with serious medical conditions requiring hospital ization of longer period and thereby, the hotels can approach those patients with better deals and offers that come under patients financial packages. This strategy would certainly help to increase the customer base. Furthermore, Wedel and Kamakura (2012) have also mentioned that when the organizations are able to know who their target customers are, it become easy for them to design and develop their marketing strategies. Moreover, using those segmentation information will help the hotels to develop their market. Focussing only on the travellers somehow restrict the business from growing and transforming to another stage. Therefore, it is worth mentioning when the existing customer base is not able to provide the desired to return to the business, it is effective to think of an alternative option. Nonetheless, according to Ansoffs market development strategy, the new markets can be developed when the organizations pay attention to new geographical areas or developing a new pricing strategy but paying attention to customers of a different industry is certainly a unique one, which can generate competitive advantages (Swarbrooke and Page 2012). In addition to this, if the medical organizations come under such partnership the hotel organizations can access their customer base as well as strengthen their market positions. On the other side, Hussain et al. (2013) commented that market saturation is common problem that every business has to face at some of point of the operation and in that phase, the organization should have an alternative way to generate profit such as gaining revenue from a different segments. Thereby, in the case of London firm, when thee organization experience market saturation in its existing customer base, it can receive a separate amount of revenue from pati ent-customers. Consequently, a persistent flow of revenue would come from this segment. If I wish to follow the first strategy which is about using the segmentation information to segment customers, then the marketing communication should be broad and specific. This means, firstly, the hotel organizations need to utilize the technology such digital marketing channels to promote its products and services. In this context, the organization needs to create a unique and separate content of advertising which is not similar to the promotion of existing hotel services such as creating awareness of a health disease and its importance of curing. Now, the organization needs to show that in order to get the treatment effectively, the patients need proper relaxation and connection with calm and peaceful environment which a hotel can provide. After showing the importance of curing the disease and now the content of the advertisement should include the importance of relaxation during treatment period. This extended promotional content can be designed by including available hospitality services which the hotel provide. Now, this content can be should be published on the popular social media channels such as YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and other mostly visited media. This approach can be treated as an innovative one which could grab the attention of the customers-patients-end users. This is because hence, the patients have the opportunity to know more about the popular and available healthcare setting from hotel which they will hire to stay for the treatment. On the other side, if I wish to follow the second strategy which is about not using segmentation information, the marketing communication approaches should be little similar to the existing ones. In such a context, the hotel organization should modify their existing communication content. The organization need to create awareness about the new packages that cover all needs of customers. However, in the advertising content, the organization should show the places such as undiscovered or rarely visited forest, hills, waterfall instead of showing food items and internal hotel facilities. This approach help can the hotels to attract new customers or influence the existing customers to avail the deals because Chang, Gong and Shum (2011) in their hospitality management mentioned that hotel industry should incorporate innovation into business but there is hardly any organization which wishes to promote the places. Conclusion In conclusion, it is worth mentioning that hotel organizations need to think of innovative marketing approaches like segmentation information because the industry has been a changing environment and there is constant threat from the new entrants in the sector. Thereby, the existing organization in the sector may lose their marked share due to the restricted customer base and lack of innovation. In addition, the marketing approaches should be developed on the basis of market needs and customer response. References Blomme, R.J., Van Rheede, A. and Tromp, D.M., 2010. The use of the psychological contract to explain turnover intentions in the hospitality industry: A research study on the impact of gender on the turnover intentions of highly educated employees.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,21(1), pp.144-162. Chang, S., Gong, Y. and Shum, C., 2011. Promoting innovation in hospitality companies through human resource management practices.International Journal of Hospitality Management,30(4), pp.812-818. Hussain, S., Khattak, J., Rizwan, A. and Latif, M.A., 2013. ANSOFF matrix, environment, and growth-an interactive triangle.Management and Administrative Sciences Review,2(2), pp.196-206. Swarbrooke, J. and Page, S.J., 2012.Development and management of visitor attractions. Routledge. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A., 2012.Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Bibliography Li, M.L. and Green, R.D., 2011. A mediating influence on customer loyalty: The role of perceived value.Journal of Management and Marketing research,7, p.1. Volo, S., 2012. A consumer-based measurement of tourism innovation. InInnovation in hospitality and tourism(pp. 85-100). Routledge.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

The Polio Vaccine free essay sample

The Polio epidemic happened, each of the 48 states at the time had rampant cases of Polio. The un-curable disease had taken over America. Poliomyelitis is an infectious viral disease that attacks the nerve cells and sometimes the central nervous system; it is caused by the destruction of nerve cells in the spinal cord. Polio often causes muscle wasting, paralysis, and even death. 1 In surveys of what Americans feared most, Polio came in second to the Atomic Bomb. Children were the main target of Polio and until Dr. Jonas Salk’s Polio Vaccine that became available in 1952, there was no cure for the disease Polio was often called infantile paralysis because the majority of the infected were elementary school children. â€Å"It must have been profoundly difficult in that first quarter-century of polio. How helpless parents must have felt to know that there was this killer that could come each summer, and that nothing they could do could safeguard their children. We will write a custom essay sample on The Polio Vaccine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every sniffle, every cold, every muscle cramp, every temper tantrum that a child exhibited in the long, hot days of summer and early autumn were potential symptoms of polio. How long could a family show good spirits in front of a child confined to an iron lung, or later, during the two or more years a child might spend in rehabilitative therapy. † This quote is really significant in the fear that polio had over people. Every parent had no way to defend their kids from the disease. Sending children to school was extremely difficult because many schools were shut down from massive outbreaks of polio. Not only schools but also every other public place; restaurants, grocery store, movie theaters, etc. No one would leave the comfort of their own home, and even then they weren’t safe from Polio, they were just safer there than anywhere else. 2 A very notable case of Polio was Franklin D. Roosevelt. Even though it was children who were especially vulnerable, Adults could catch the disease as well. In 1921, FDR had contracted Polio and he became paralyzed from the waist down for the rest of his life. Later on in 1937, Roosevelt advocated for The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. Roosevelt’s foundation established The March of Dimes that helped to fund money to find a cure and resist the disease. March of Dimes was really successful in raising money to help fight against the disease. 3 Polio quickly moved from city to city taking no pity on any of its victims. The disease got stronger among the nation. It became surreal-like as demonstrated by this quote by Richard Aldrich M. D. , â€Å"The first summer when I was home in Minnesota was that gosh-awful polio epidemic they had there. We admitted 464 proven cases of polio just at the University Hospital, which is unbelievable. And this was a very severe paralytic form. Maybe two or three hours after a lot of these kids would come in with a stiff neck or a fever, theyd be dead. It was unbelievable. It was just loads of people that came in, sometimes with only a fever but usually a headache and a little stiffness in the neck. And just absolutely terrified. At the height of the epidemic, the people in Minneapolis were so frightened that there was nobody in the restaurants. There was practically no traffic, the stores were empty. It just was considered a feat of bravado almost to go out and mingle in public. A lot of people just took up and moved away, went to another city. †4 What really frustrated people is that there really wasn’t anything they could do. As previously stated, Hospitals were pass there limit of people that could be emitted into the hospital. They couldn’t just turn them away, so they took in everyone who came through the door. This was problematic because the Doctor-Patient ratio was very unbalanced. Not everyone was able to get attention right away and within a couple hours, the disease completely overtook them and they were dead. Every year more and more cases of paralytic polio were occurring. In 1933 there were only 5000 cases and ten years later in 1943, the number of cases was more than double with 12,000 cases. In 1950 there was 33,000 cases. Polio seemed to be moving north to east. Polio shifted from the eastern side of North America and began making its way across the entire United States. Then in 1952 the Polio Epidemic occurred with 59,000 proven cases of paralytic polio. 5 By then, polio epidemics were second only to the atomic bomb in surveys of what Americans feared most. Bomb and virus alike were terrible agents of destruction that might arrive at any moment to devastate a family, a community, or an entire nation. The disease seemed like an omnipresent threat, and its cure became a national responsibility. Epidemics struck other countries, but never as heavily as here. America was the center of polio, and the place where people knew they must work first, and fastest, to end it. They gave their time and money to help the growing swell of victims and to find a way to stem the rising tide of injury. When the call came, they even volunteered their children, millions of them, to test a new vaccine. The fear that had once driven Americans apart was now the force that pulled them together. This quote defines the 1952 Polio Epidemic and the strong fear that Americans had. The worst hit areas to date were Texas, Iowa, Ohio, Nebraska, and the worst were in New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusets. 7 The Most significant figure during this time was Dr. Jonas Salk. Jonas Salk was born October 28, 1914 in New York City. He was the eldest son of Russian immigrant parents. His parents, like many immigrants of the time, were uneducated, but determined that their sons should have formal educations and achieve American success. Salk attended Townsend Harris High School, one of the finest public high schools in New York. He became the first member of his family to go to college. As a medical student and later a researcher at the University of Michigan, Salk studied viruses, such as influenza, and ways to vaccinate against them. In 1947, Salk became head of the Virus Research Lab at the University of Pittsburgh. He began investigating the polio virus. 8 On July 2, 1952, Salk tried a refined vaccine on children whod already had polio and recovered. After the vaccination, their antibodies increased. He then tried it on volunteers who had not had polio, including himself, his wife, and their children. The volunteers all produced antibodies, and none received polio. One of the newest and most hopeful weapons in the fight against polio is a blood fraction called gamma globulin. It is a rich storehouse of the disease fighting antibodies. Also, injections of this would reduce measles in children. There has been evidence that gamma globulin could also destroy polio before it reaches the nervous system, disrupting its paralyzing effects. 6 In 1953, Salk reported his findings in The Journal of the American Medical Association. A nationwide testing of the vaccine was launched in April 1954 with the mass inoculation of school children. Before the polio vaccine, 13,000 to 20,000 people were paralyzed by polio. About 1,000 people died from it each year in the United States alone. The results of Salk’s vaccine were a 60 -70 percent prevention of Polio. The public was ecstatic with Salk’s marvelous creation. It was the gift that the American Public waited for years and years to get. Because of the Vaccine, Many universities awarded Salk honorary degrees, he was given a Congressional Gold Medal, and France made him a member of the Legion of Honor. â€Å"Fifty years ago, on April 12, 1955, the world heard one of the most eagerly anticipated announcements in medical history: Dr. Jonas Salks polio vaccine worked. The vaccine turned a disease that once horrified America into a memory. † There was one incident that took place with Salk’s vaccine that put American’s hope in the dumpsters. About 200 cases of the disease were caused by Salk’s vaccine and 11 people died. All testing was halted because the American people didn’t feel safe anymore. Investigators found that the disease-causing vaccine all came from one poorly made batch at one drug-company. This resulted in higher production standards that were adopted and vaccinations resumed. By August of 1955 four million vaccinations were given and the impact was dramatic. In 1955, there were 28,985 cases of polio. In 1956, there were 14,647 cases. In 1957, there were 5,894 cases. The number of cases kept declining with the number of vaccinations given, and by 1959, 90 other countries used Salks vaccine. Although the last known case of polio in the Western hemisphere was reported in 1991 and there has not been a case in Western Asia since 1997, polio is still rampant in South Asia, West Africa, and Central Africa. Approximately 5,000 cases are diagnosed each year. Although that represents a 90% decrease in just the last ten years.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Mother Teresa Essays - Mother Teresa, Missionaries Of Charity

Mother Teresa Essays - Mother Teresa, Missionaries Of Charity Mother Teresa Mother Teresa was a wonderful woman and a great influence on the world today. She was born in 1910 in Macedonia with the name Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. She was born into a family of deeply religious Catholics. Agnes felt she got the calling to work for God at the young age of fourteen. She joined the Loreto order and went to Bengal, India, to start her studies. In 1937, Agnes took her final vows to become a nun and has done much great work in the world since. Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born on August 27, 1910 to Nikola and Drana Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Macedonia. Drana and Nikola were Albanian and both were very deeply religious Roman Catholics. Nikola was a popular merchant and a partner to an Italian merchant. He owned several houses and was a member of the Skopje town council. Whenever Agnes father would return from a trip, he would always bring his children presents. Also, he promoted his daughters education, which was uncommon in that time period. Nikola also was involved in an underground organization that worked to gain independence for the Albanians from the Ottoman Turks, who ruled Macedonia around the time Agnes was born. Agnes grew up around much fighting. When she was born, there were Albanian protests against the Turkish government. When she was two, she witnessed the First Balkan War. In that war, the Ottomans were defeated, but Macedonia was divided among the conquerors: Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegero, and Serbia. The city of Skopje was distributed to Serbia. Albania received its independence in 1912, but Nikola continued his nationalist work. He joined a movement determined to incorporate Serbia into the Albanian nation. In 1914, when Agnes was only four years old, World War I began. In 1918, her father was killed. Some people believe that he was poisoned by enemies. Many people mourned his death because of his kindness and generosity. Drana Bojaxhiu and the family were left with little money and no means of income. Drana worked hard to provide for her family. To get enough money, she became a dressmaker. Even though she had to work extra hard to make ends meet, Drana still found time and money to give to the lonely. When Agnes was young, she used to go on trips with her mother to visit the elderly, sick, and the poor. It is said that their mothers generosity may have had the greatest influence on Agnes, her sister, and her brother. Agnes was the youngest of the three children. Her older brother was named Lazar and her older sister was Aga. Aga was five years older than Agnes. Agnes loved reading books, saying prayers, and thinking. She also liked to sing and write poems about her faith. Agnes learned her faith from her mother. There was a sign in the front room of their house that read: In this house, no one must speak against another. Drana passed down to her children many values. She believed that the Lords work was reward enough in itself and that you should serve God in a practical, helpful way. Agnes had thought about being a teacher when she was younger, but at the age of twelve, she knew she wanted to lead a religious life. When Agnes was only fourteen, she knew she wanted to be a missionary nun. At age eighteen, Agnes joined the Loreto order of nuns. In September of 1928, she left her family and everything she knew to serve God at the Loreto Abbey in Dublin Ireland. There, she learned how to speak English. In November, she went to India to teach English in an Indian school. In 1929, Agnes started her novitiate in an Abbey in Darjeeling, and abbey in the foothills of the Himalayas. A novitiate is the time a nun spends studying, praying, and contemplating before she takes her vows. On May 24, 1931, Agnes took her first vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. She took her name after St. Therese, the patron saint of missionaries. On May 14, 1937, Teresa took her final vows, promising to serve God for the rest of her life. Teresa eventually became the principal of Loreto Entally, a school in Entally (a district

Friday, November 22, 2019

A Brief Biography of Rubin Hurricane Carter

one two Three. Hurricane knocked out. Rubin Hurricane Carter is an African-American boxer whose name is named in the famous media program nationwide. Rubin Carter got a nickname Hurricane because his left uppercut is intense. When he saw his box, the New Jersey promoter named Jimmy Clot gave him a nickname, which has plagued him since then. He won 21 games in his career, overcomes a huge racial prejudice, and achieved his lifelong dreams and goals. In the movie 'Hurricane', Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter was sentenced to half as a corrupt police abused power and arrested Carter unfairly. Dra Pesca officials are responsible for all that Rubin Carter is condemned. Because Carter is an African American, Official Dorpeska wants to know why he is so bad in prison. In the 1950s, corruption politics and racial discrimination in the 1960s and 1970s were common problems in all communities. Rubin Carter faced political corruption and made most of his life racist. When Rubin was a little boy, he and his friends faced an older white man playing in a suspicious mansion. The boys were frightened, one of them picked up the bottle and hit a man in his head. They all ran, but Rubin could not escape. This is his first encounter with the executive Drapesca. Carter was asked what happened, eventually trying to steal that man's watch. one two Three. Hurricane knocked out. Rubin Hurricane Carter is an African-American boxer whose name is named in the famous media program nationwide. Rubin Carter got a nickname Hurricane because his left uppercut is intense. When he saw his box, the New Jersey promoter named Jimmy Clot gave him a nickname, which has plagued him since then. - Fluid dynamics is a field with a history of more than 2000 years. Archimedes, Da Vinci, Galileo, Newton are classical pioneers of modern hydrodynamic researchers such as Bernoulli and Euler (Anderson 42). However, until the early 19th century, this problem was not fully quantified; instead, the textbook consisted of in finite tables and diagrams to show the phenomenon. A Brief Biography of Rubin Hurricane Carter In this familiar biography, I chose to write articles about Rubin's Hurricane Carter, an African-American boxer who competed for the world's middleweight title, but on June 17, 1966 When Patterson 's boxing ability was the highest, he was mistakenly judged to be triple killer and New Jersey was sentenced to 20 years in prison because he did not commit a crime. Rubin Carter was born on 6th May 1937 at Clifton, New Jersey. As he was a little boy, he became a boy who plagues young people both at home and abroad. In the latter half of his teens he began to declare his biography with minor theft and assault It was. Because there are no parents. Or the family will help him understand that he understands one two Three. Hurricane knocked out. Rubin Hurricane Carter is an African-American boxer whose name is named in the famous media program nationwide. Rubin Carter got a nickname Hurricane because his left uppercut is intense. When he saw his box, the New Jersey promoter named Jimmy Clot gav e him a nickname, which has plagued him since then. - Fluid dynamics is a field with a history of more than 2000 years. Archimedes, Da Vinci, Galileo, Newton are classical pioneers of modern hydrodynamic researchers such as Bernoulli and Euler (Anderson 42). However, until the early 19th century, this problem was not fully quantified; instead, the textbook consisted of infinite tables and diagrams to show the phenomenon. On July 17, 1966, at Paterson, New Jersey, Rubin Hurricane Carter competed for heavyweight boxing champion One night, he was pulled apart and there was suspicion of murder. There was no proof or witness to prove that he committed a crime of the hurricane, but the police needed to condemn someone, so they fixed the trial and Rubin got a short shot. He was forgiven because of the crime he had not committed. This is a true story. This song was written by Bob Dylan to publicly release the situation of Rubin. Rubin Carter is a black man and many people, including judges and police, have turned around. Hurricane 's verdict changed 19 years after imprisonment. He is about to live his life now deprived of him. Dylan's song Hurricane explains how Rubin Carter proved innocent but convicted 1975: Bob Dylan's Hurricane Night, imprisoned boxer at Madison Square Garden, Charity concert for Rubin Hurricane Carter. Many believe that Carter including Dylan was mistakenly convicted for triple murder. Dylan wrote a song Hurricane on Carter's arrest and trial. Carter was released ten years later. 1975: Gary Sain died of respiratory insufficiency due to excessive intake of 27-year-old heroin. Thain is famous for Uriah Heep's bassist. One year before his death, Thain received a heavy electric shock with a concert in Dallas. After the incident, the scene that tends to get weak and sick is deeply intoxicated.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Final exam paper two part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Final exam paper two part - Essay Example According to Cicero 3 all human beings are the same. We all have the urge to be together. We cannot live in isolation and that we come together in communities from a desire to be together both for fulfillment of our nature as social beings and for company. As Aristotle has said, â€Å"man is social being†. He argues that nature has endowed humans with reason so that we can understand the natural urge and guide our actions in order for us to live together. For Cicero, not only are all humans one species, but also all communities with â€Å"an innate desires on the part of human beings to form communities.† He agrees with Aristotle that humans are political or social animals. But that nature has given to mankind â€Å"†¦ a compulsion to do good and †¦ a desire to defend the well being of the community†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Marcus 4). What this means is that as human beings we have constructive toward each other and are urged by nature to seek the well being not just o f themselves but of the whole community. The opposite of this is selfishness and for Cicero this is acting against human nature. Cicero even marvels at the power of human reason. â€Å"Reason in fact †¦ the one thing in which we are superior to the beast which enables us to make valid deductions, to argue, refute, debate, solve problems, draw conclusion †¦ that certainly is common to all of us (John 4). It is this common reason that allows each individual to examine nature and come to understand what nature urges him or her to do. This is his basis for universal understanding of the institution, it is better to live with other people. He takes a stand that Law is the highest reason, implanted in nature, which prescribes those things which ought to be done and forbids the contrary (John 10). For Cicero, â€Å"The highest reason inherent in nature which enjoins what out to be done and forbids that opposite† Living by this natural law

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Role of NGOs and Humanitarian Organizations in Peace Building Essay

Role of NGOs and Humanitarian Organizations in Peace Building - Essay Example Usually, NGOs or the development community has struggled to stay away from conflict situations. Concentrating instead on their development and humanitarian operations, aid groups have regarded themselves and their subsidies to be impartial and nonpartisan (Church, 2004, 23-24). Current scholarships on Somalia and Rwanda, though, have seriously challenged this view (Carey & Richmond, 2003,136). For instance, Peter Uvin (1998, 3) has studied the relationship of development assistance with the forces and mechanisms that resulted in the genocide in Rwanda in 1994. â€Å"In countries like Rwanda,† he states in Aiding Violence: The Development Enterprise in Rwanda, â€Å"where development aid provides a large share of the financial and moral resources of government and civil society, development aid cannot help but play a crucial role in shaping the process that leads to violence† (Uvin, 1998, 3). Another author, Michael Marin, has illustrated a much more threatening picture in the case of humanitarian intervention in Somalia all through the 1980s, concluding that development and humanitarian aid is mainly useless and unintentionally detrimental and that it circulates a system of hostility, corruption, and dependency (Cutter, 2001, 210). Hence, if the humanitarian intervention has the capability of inflicting even more suffering on the people and communities already exposed to hostilities, as these authors seem to claim, then should we dispose of development aid and humanitarian intervention altogether? In Mary Anderson’s perceptive and sensible book Do No Harm: How Aid Can Support Peace-or War, she retorts: â€Å"It is a moral fallacy to conclude that because aid can do harm, the decision not to give aid would not do harm† (Anderson, 1999, 23). A collaborative endeavor of international donor agencies, United Nations organizations, NGOs, and other delegates of the international development and humanitarian community Do No Harm examines the experiences of the people struggling to provide development aid and humanitarian assistance in conflict regions in order to enhance intervention (Cutter, 2001, 210).

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The impact of ACA in North Carolina Essay Example for Free

The impact of ACA in North Carolina Essay The Impact of Affordable Care Act on North Carolina’s Uninsured Population The Affordable Care Act (ACA) which was passed by Congress was implemented to improve the quality of health care and reduce the cost of health insurance in the United State. America spends more on health care than any other industrialized nation in the world. In North Carolina, the governor signed a bill to block the state from extending the ACA which will allow Medicaid to cover group of individuals that are uninsured. North Carolina rank 33rd of the 50 states in population measures in 2012 and rank 38th in health outcome (Siberman, 2013). In 2010-2011 approximately 1.7 million people were uninsured and had barriers to access health care in North Carolina as stated by Siberman, (2013). The North Carolina Division of Medical Assistance (DMA), estimated that the expansion of Medicaid will cover approximately 319, 000 new people during state fiscal year 2014 (Siberman, 2013), but since the refusal of the expansion, these individual are going to be left uninsured. Another group of people who will not qualify are those individuals whose income is below the Federal Poverty level of 138%, but people who make the federal Poverty level of 138% will be eligible for ACA. Individual who are paying more than 8% of their income on health insurance will be eligible for subsidies to purchase coverage (Siberman 2013). As stated in Milstead, (2013), with expansion of Medicaid, all subgroups will be eligible with the exception of the undocumented immigrants. But in North Carolina, this will have significant impact on about 51% coverage for working adult, 31% on nonworking parents and 0% childless adults. People with income above the limit for premium tax subsidies are not eligible for financial assistance (Siberman, 2013). The federal government will match payment for the newly eligible individuals but not those individual that were eligible under the state Medicaid in 2010. Currently childless, nondisabled, nonelderly adult cannot qualify Medicaid in North Carolina. Due to the restriction, Medicaid only covers 30% of low come adult in North Carolina. Newly eligible people estimated to be about 500,000 will have coverage, federal government will pay 100% of cost 2014-2016 then phase down to 90% (Siberman, 2013). The Impact of Economics of Providing Care to Patient The economic impact is significant, health care cost is raising about five  times the rate of inflation. Most hospitals in the states that don’t expand Medicaid are facing a lot of challenges of caring for the uninsured and are facing heavy burden of debt. According to Zigmond 2013, the decision for not to accepting the expansion of Medicaid is complicating life for hospitals that serves communities with sizable low income and uninsured populations. According to the report expanding Medicaid in all state would provide hospitals with an additional $294 billion from 2013 to 2022 and reduce the United State uninsured population by as much as 10.2 million people by 2022. In North Carolina it would have created 25,000 jobs with Federal funds and 400,000 uninsured would receive health coverage according to study released by North Carolina Institute of Medicine. The expansion of Medicaid, the state will be saving up to $65.4 million and receive $15 billion from the federal fund acc ording to North Carolina Institute of Medicine. In many rural areas in North Carolina, hospital provides free care to patients who cannot afford heavy medical bill. Without the Medicaid expansion several hospitals may close their doors due to reimbursement from Medicaid as policymakers try to rein in spending (Siberman 2013). How will patients be affected in relationship to cost, quality and access to treatment? It is not going to cost any money to the state or patient at beginning, the federal government is paying 100% of the cost till 2017, then will transition to covering of 90% till 2020. North Carolina will still have to cover those poor uninsured through their safety net programs, but people are still going to the emergency room for treatment. This is going to lead back to some providers and higher income individuals will pay more taxes to cover the uninsured. Expanded Medicaid coverage also led to decreased rates of delayed care and decreased mortality rates especially among residents of poorer counties (Baron, 2013). North Carolina does not have enough health practitioners to meet the demand of newly enroll population. Workforce shortage limits access to care as well as prevention, and treatment option especially in the rural areas (Siberman, 2013). There should be professional training programs f or primary care providers, nurse practitioners, nurses, physician assistants and health care to accommodate the demand or people are going to end up in the emergency room. If the Medicaid expansion has been implemented, ACA has funds that would have been distributed to all the  Universities for the Training Programs. According to Sebelius, (2013) article, Affordable Care Act Incudes steps to improve the quality of health care and lower cost for you and the nation as a whole. This means avoiding costly mistakes and readmissions, keeping patients’ healthy, rewarding quality instead quantity, and creating the health information technology infrastructure that enables new payment of models to work. North Carolina foundation for Advance Health Programs is a model to create and maintain a centralized tracking system to monitor and disseminate new model of payments and delivery of reimbursements. This organization help providers and hospitals to be accountable for quality care. An example is that, hospitals will no longer get paid for treatment of hospital acquired condition or hospitals with excess readmission will receive low Medicaid payment. Ethical Implication for Organization and Patients Why is so much controversy over the health reform? Why people don’t have right to health care? According to Sorrell, (20 12) the issue of health care reform brings important ethical issues of justice to the forefront, as individuals, communities, and the legislature struggle with how to provide quality health care without sacrificing the basic rights of even the few, understanding the legislation will help the public examine the why everyone should health insurance. United State having all the medical technology but health care is a controversy. Another issue is due to low reimbursement of Medicare and Medicaid most health providers do not want to accommodate low income patient. Health Professional can go to the urban and rural areas to practice if they are given incentives like loan forgiveness. Americans are afraid the government borrowing funds to finance health care now will push the debt on future children to pay. Conclusion If North Carolina will accept to expand Medicaid the people that left will be eligible. This will take the burden of financial cost off the state.I think the public, and health professionals of North Carolina can write to their state senators and representatives to advocate for expansion of Medicaid. References Milstead, J. A. (2013). The economics and finance of health care.(laureate Education, Inc., Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (p.202-203). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Baron, S. (2013). 10 frequently asked questions about Medicaid expansion. Center for American Progress. Retrieved from http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/healthcare/news/2013/04/02/58922/10-frequently-questions-about-medicaid-expansion Zigmon, J.(2013). ‘Death by a thousand cuts’ Hospitals execs say Medicaid expansion needed. Modern Health. 43(34) Sibelius, K. (2013). The affordable care act at three: Paying for quality saves healthcare dollars [Weblog post]. Retrieved from http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2013/03/20/ Sorrell, J. (2012). Ethics The patient protection and affordable care act : Ethical perspective in 21st century health care. OJIN Journal of Issues in Nursing 18(1).doi: 10.3912/OJIN. Vol18No02EthCo101

Thursday, November 14, 2019

China Essay -- essays research papers

Shiven Patel The geography of China and Japan is quite different. They are both located in Eastern Asia, but China is apart of the mainland, while Japan is a group of islands off in the North Pacific. China, the world’s fourth largest country, is considerably larger than Japan. China has a total area of 9,596,960 square kilometers while Japan is only 377,8356 square kilometers. Of course Japan has double the coastline of China for it is an island chain. China has an eastern coastline along the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea. China’s main geographic aspects are the Yangtze River and the Himalayan Mountains. Deserts and high plateaus characterize the west, with plains, deltas, and hills in the east. There is a varied climate from tropical to subarctic, the main weather hazard is the monsoon. Japan’s islands are peaks of underwater volcanoes such as Mount Fuji. There are no major rivers, just rocky land and an irregular coastline. There are valleys an d plateaus along the coast. It is cold and dry in the north, warm and wetter in the south. Earthquakes and typhoons plague Japan. The governments of China and Japan are completely different. The world’s largest Communist party leads China. The president is a ceremonial figure. Executive powers are given to the State Council headed by the premier. The legislature, the elected national People’s Congress, has little power. Japan is a constitutional monarchy, but similar to England, the emperor is a symbol ...

Monday, November 11, 2019

My Ethical Beliefs in the Light of Popular Ethical Theories

It is certainly of convenience to meditate on one’s ethical beliefs in the light of popular ethical theories such as the awesome Divine Command Theory, which grounds my ethical principles in godly thought; the simplistic Ethical Egoism Theory, which allows my (Freudian) Id-based, self-interests to dictate my behavior in all situations; and the Utilitarian Theory, which compels me to rethink in terms of the long-term good of all people in connection with my personal and/or pontential business practices.   I believe that my ethical concerns rest on a variety of ethical theories.   This belief is founded on the assumption that man’s mind and intentions are perhaps too complex to be understood by means of one ethical theory alone.This is the reason why philosophers have established an entire discipline to study the mind and intentions of man.   The ethical-philosophical area that fascinates me most, however, is one of ‘reason.’   I trust my ethical conc erns to rest on reason.   Apart from the above mentioned theories, therefore, I have observed myself trusting in the Categorical Imperative Theory of Kant at times, the Rights Theory at other times, and the Virtue Theory to boot – but, all in different situations concerned with ethical thought.   Is it possible for man to ever do away with ethics?   And, do I consciously choose which theory of ethics to apply in situations that call for my ethical principles to suddenly become a focus of attention?I believe that ethics are a component of virtually all situations of man, not just ethical issues that are manifest to all.   From sustainable food consumption to the culture of clothing – ethical theories apply in almost all human situations.   Only when the individual is deep asleep in bed, or in deep meditation perhaps, do ethical concerns comfortably vanish into thin air.   Which ethical theories do I trust at the time I wake up each day?   Although I have v aried reasons to believe in the ethical theories mentioned above, the only theory that never  leaves my mind is that of applying reason to all situations that require my ethical concerns to come in the light of my mind.Reason appears before I decide whether God would approve of a certain action of mine, or whether smoking another cigarette with my friends would truly serve my interests, etc.   No doubt, all ethical theories call for reason to be applied before the theories themselves can be applied by an individual.   The theory that I could apply most easily to all my situations, but only after applying reason, is the Divine Command Theory.   I believe that this particular theory incorporates the remaining ethical theories mentioned in this paper as well.God’s commands are often synonymous to all that should be ‘good’ in our world.   Based on an interpretation of the Bible, my own interests should be God’s interests, and the interests of my brot hers and sisters (all people) should also be my short term and long term interests.   Moreover, God’s commands automatically include the concept of ‘Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.’   I must be wishing my business associates and other, well.   I must be ‘loving my neighbor as I love myself.’The Rights Theory and the Virtue Theory must needs be incorporated as well into the Divine Command Theory, seeing that God calls for His vicegerents to protect His sheep (that is, the government should protect the rights of the people, as in the Rights Theory); and He also calls for the teaching of virtues to all people, young and old, and these virtues consist of justice, honesty, goodness, etc.   The virtues taught by the Divine Command Theory also incorporate kindness, compassion, love, and mercy – concepts that are essential to ‘being human,’ but are not touched upon by most ethical theories outside the realm of G od.The question that automatically emerges is: What are God’s commands?   Do they depend upon our whims, or are they based upon a single holy book?   The answers to these questions are  complicated in my case, given that I believe in various interpretations of divine commands that may or may not be mainstream Christian, Muslim, Buddhist or Hindu.   I have learned more from books than from family and my community, which happen to be the main sources of socialization for most people.   This sociological theory has important underpinnings in ethical beliefs, seeing that we learn ethics and principles from the sources of information that exist around us.   I also believe that we learn from a personal source of information, the God of Aristotle and Sir Thomas Aquinas, and therefore, it is important to know books of revelation to learn God’s commands and apply reason to apply the commands of God from myriad scriptures.Now, of course, there are a huge number of sc riptures that may be called forth to understand the commands of God.   Are the illustrious Ten Commandments the only commands, or should I also believe in the New Testament and the Qur’an?   Did Buddha leave any godly commands in the form of scriptures?   Such are the questions I have had to answer in my evolving understanding of God’s commands, even though there is a deep source of information that still exists and tells me what is right and wrong from the Highest Source.   Call it conscience – I believe that morality is ‘knowing right from wrong,’ in the view of everybody including myself and God.   What pleases God and also pleases society must certainly please me.What else are my beliefs in light of the Divine Command Theory, which, in my opinion, should incorporate the remainder of the ethical theories mentioned in this paper, and many more theories like so.   I believe that God is a synonym for the ‘Good’ that Plato ha d referred to.   At the same time, it is quite possible that my interpretation of the Divine Command Theory would be different from the interpretation of another soul.   After all, my understanding of God and His commands is different from the understanding of another soul.   I believe in many scriptures at  the same time; additionally, I feel confident that they come from the same Source.   I have learned about God in a separate way altogether.   I do not necessarily trust all people’s doctrines.   Moreover, I do not compel anybody else to believe in what I believe in.Does this mean that I could easily run into ethical conflicts with people? – Yes.   However, it does not bother me, provided that I understand that their ethical principles are different from mine, and based on separate ethical theories altogether.   Once again, reason comes to the rescue.   Without reason, I, too, would perhaps become as intolerant as the racists and the terrorists ( extreme racists) who cannot tolerate the differences in beliefs among people.   I know that God calls for such tolerance among the children of Adam.Therefore, when extremism (or, extreme racism) leads to bloodshed among people, and those that are responsible for the chaos throw the responsibility back on God by saying that such acts were committed ‘in the name of God’ – it is extremely sad and funny at the same time.   It is sad because the intolerant folks have not understood God’s message of love and tolerance, even if they think that they are killing in the name of God, who is Love.On the other hand, it is funny because they are doing the direct opposite of what they intend to do.   That is why it is of central importance to understand one’s ethical principles, and keep on understanding and improving upon them throughout one’s lifetime.   Furthermore, it is essential to align one’s behavior with one’s ethical principl es.   By saying one thing and doing something else, people can prove to be quite inconsistent and unreliable, if not dangerous to the extent of terrorism and other forms of psychopathy.I believe that ethics call for tolerance and good citizenship, and wherever God’s name is mentioned, as in the U.S. Constitution, there should be peace.   For the state, therefore, the Divine Command Theory mandates peace.   For business in general, and for the economy at large, the  Divine Command Theory entails distribution of wealth with a focus on income generation, economic growth, and prosperous living.   In personal life, I have found this theory to be most appropriate because it does not limit me to one theory.Nevertheless, I have one God, like the Christians and the Jews.   In addition, it is advantageous to me that I do not always have to think about myself and my own interests when the responsibility or the task at hand demands me to sacrifice my interests, at times, for the benefit of society in general.   Ultimately, I may realize that by serving society at the expense of sacrificing my own interests at times, I serve myself better.   I may become a happier person by serving society, and I may also increase in wealth.   God would be pleased with me.   What is most important, still, is the fact that I would be a peaceful person by being aligned with the interests of God, society, and myself.Naturally, in order to align my activities and behavior with the interests of God, society, and myself; I have to think before I leap.   It is of the essence for me to meditate on information that I gather from a huge variety of sources, including books, my professors, friends, parents, etc.   After absorbing the information thus gathered, I enjoy applying the Divine Command Theory to get to the depths of situations that often get me to think in terms of the other ethical theories as well.There are times when self-interests rule my ethical principles , or I think only in terms of the virtues of justice, integrity, trustworthiness, etc.   However, if I were to base my activities solely on the Id-based Ethical Egoism Theory, for example, I would perhaps indulge in misleading thinking, which would eventually be responsible for behavior on my part that is misleading unto others.   I am confident that the ethics of bribery in business rest in the appropriate or inappropriate use of the Ethical Egoism Theory.   The CEO of Enron, and many other corrupt businessmen in modern times, have equally shown extreme self-interest in their  business situations.   In my case, such extreme use of the Ethical Egoism Theory would never occur because I rest my principles on divine commands.   Honesty, in my case, is a virtue of necessity.Thus, I would only apply the Ethical Egoism Theory within the framework of the Divine Command Theory when the situation calls for nothing else except self-interest as a driving force for ethical behavior.    Also, in my case, self-interest would also translate into the good pleasure of God; the long term interests of society (as in the Utilitarian Theory); Kant’s Categorical Imperative or ‘doing unto others as I want others do unto me;’ obedience to the government in return for which I receive protection of my rights, as in the Rights Theory; and honesty, justice, etc., in light of the theory of Virtue.In the ‘Kingdom of God’ – or the businessman who applies the Divine Command Theory to rule his ethical behavior – the Rights Theory occupies a very interesting place, indeed.   The Rights Theory asks for the government to protect my rights.   In return for this favor, I show obedience to the government by following the laws in general.   The businessperson who follows the same laws of the government would not cheat the government as did the Enron CEO.   Neither would such a businessperson return the favor of the government by che ating the investors of his or her company.If a former U.S. Senator were to accept a Rolex from a constituent, the Divine Command Theory would not call this behavior unethical if the Rolex were a gift.   If the former CEO of Tyco were to use company bonuses to host a lavish party for his wife, I would consider it unethical under the Divine Command Theory, seeing that God never asked us to usurp the rights of many people in favor of a few.   Lifting verbatim a news report and presenting it as one’s own is similarly unethical.   Being messaged the answers to exam questions during an examination is  unethical to boot.As far as downloading music without paying a fee is concerned, I would not consider it unethical so long as it serves the interests of society in the long run.   I do not believe that downloading free music off the Internet serves to put the music industry down.   There are countless people around the world who still do download free music off the Interne t, because they do not enjoy the quality of that music as compared to hardy CD’s that music shops would like to sell.   Besides, they do not appreciate yet the technology behind free music and the IPod.   So, even though this ethical issue appears complicated to a huge number of people, I believe that it is simple to understand in the light of Divine Command Theory.I do not think that God would like students to suffer financial hardships because of their love of music.   Hence, it is perfectly ethical, in my opinion, to enjoy free music off the Internet on IPod’s – for those who would like to miss out on the quality of CD’s from BMG, Sony, etc.   Likewise, choosing between ethical theories is always a sacrifice.   Hence, I apply reason to believe that the Divine Command Theory must incorporate all necessary ethical theories for me to conduct myself as a good human being, businessperson, and citizen of my nation.   This theory does not confuse me at times that call for my ethical ‘instincts’ to show up.   I believe in God, and in service to humanity.Additionally, I do not discriminate between black or white, Chinese or Hindu.   At times when people are engaging in what I believe to be incorrect behaviors, I do not intervene unless my self-interests as well as the pleasure of God are at sacrifice.   At all times, however, I have kept to ‘reason’ as the force that leads me to apply the Divine Command Theory, which I believe to be most trustworthy.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

College Degree Necessary Essay

In Barbara Ehrenreich’s article, â€Å"The Higher Education Scam† she expresses her feelings about employers looking specifically for college grads to fill their positions. Ehrenreich seems to be voicing her feelings to employers because they are beginning to look specifically for college grads, instead of people who may have more experience and knowledge, or even currently work for the organization. She claims that employers seek college grads merely because they have a college degree and it shows they have the ability to listen and obey. Deep within Ehrenreich seems to be attacking the college grads by saying that once they have finished school and earned their degree, they are now slaves to the employers. Her claim is quite logical and the examples she gives validate what she is saying. Conversely, she seems to be going on a theory with her argument and her attacks on the college grads for going to school and earning a degree detracts from the value she has built up. Finally, Ehrenreich’s argument is effective to some degree, but lack of personal experience leave the article with a flaw. Ehrenreich uses value and emotion within her article to get the attention of her audience. We all need jobs in order to get through life and if you want to have a good job, you need to get a degree. This puts a lot of value in what you need to accomplish because the final product is suppose to be worth it, and employers will only hire you if you are a college grad. Ehrenreich uses this example to connect with her audience and adds to the credibility of her argument. Throughout the article Ehrenreich adds humor to help make an emotional connection with her audience. She says that whatever you learn in college doesn’t seem to matter. All that employers are looking at is that you were able to sit still for long periods of time, be told what to do, and appear awake. Ehrenreich is saying that no matter what degree you’ve just earned, all employers are looking at is that you devoted 4 years doing what your told. She adds, â€Å"no college has yet been honest enough to offer a degree in seat-warming† (696). This is most likely what you will end up doing when you begin working at a white-collar job anyways, so by hiring you they know you are able to do what they ask. She also goes on to imply that you will be desperate for work because of the debt you have just accrued and you won’t become a troublemaker, or whistle blower. You’ll basically grovel at their every need and do exactly what your told. Ehrenreich adds to the credibility of her article by giving examples of people who have been able to do something and do it well, but didn’t have a degree to back it up. They were either dismissed from their job, or called out on it once they became popular. She gives the example about Marilee Jones who worked for MIT as the dean of admissions for twenty-eight years. Marilee claimed she had three degrees and yet she really didn’t have any. Now if Marilee had done a poor job as the dean of admission it would be easy to forgive and remove her from her position, yet she was very successful and it was threatening to an institution of higher learning. This gives us an emotional appeal because it’s a personal story of sadness for Marilee and it causes the audience to wonder if a college degree is really worth it. She did a good job for the institution and just because she didn’t have a degree, they were willing to dismiss her. Is that really all the companies want is a degree; or do they want someone who is going to do a great job for their organization? Throughout Ehrenreich’s article she stays pretty true to her argument, employers seek out college grads. Although she puts in the example of â€Å"Dr. Dennis Waitley Ph. D† who is known for writing a best selling self-help book The Secret. He confessed to not having a master’s degree and the marketing firm he worked for admitted that they couldn’t confirm he ever received his Ph. D. This example adds to Ehrenreich’s credibility, but it seems to go off what she talks about in the majority of her article, which seems to be more along the lines of employers. It does however stay true to her title, â€Å"The Higher Education Scam†. For her article to be spot on with her argument, she should have stuck more with education and touched on different subjects like employers, writers, and other people in general who have not had college degrees, but were still successful in their fields. In Ehrenreich’s article she doesn’t attack anyone in particular with what she is saying, but she keeps her comments vague so it is up to the reader to interpret the hidden meaning. In the beginning she talks about the amount of lies being put into resumes in order for people to get certain positions they are applying for. She says, â€Å"that 10-30 percent of resumes include distortions if not outright lies† (696). She adds to this with some more humor in saying, â€Å"lying is a grievous sin, as everyone outside of 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue knows† (696). This comment adds humor to the article as well as a little ad hominem because of the hidden attack. Ultimately, the article by Barbara Ehrenriech is effective. She shows credibility with the examples she uses and the only flaw seen is that she doesn’t have a personal example herself. She keeps humor going in the article, which keeps the audience drawn in and is very logical in her viewpoints. Ehrenreich really makes you think after reading her article. Should we go to college in order to get a degree and work for a good company? Should employers really just look for candidates that have earned that college degree hoping they will obey their every need? Should employers give there currently employees a chance to earn a college degree instead of being dismissed from their position? Is it worth over looking other candidates for positions strictly because they don’t have a degree when they will be able to do the same job and possibly do it better? To sum it all up, why do employers really need to be looking for a college degree? Is the time and money really worth it to earn that degree for a position that you are going to learn on the spot anyways? Employers really need to think about what they are doing and not just jump on the bandwagon and make hasty generalizations. Works Cited Ehrenreich, Barbara. â€Å"The Higher Education Scam. † Inventing Arguments, 2nd ed. Eds. John Mauk and John Metz. Boston: Wadsworth, 2009. Print. 69-697.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

My major work to Conduct quantitative analysis of Essays - Economy

My major work to Conduct quantitative analysis of Essays - Economy My major work to Conduct quantitative analysis of financial data to forecast revenue, identify future trends and identify risk associated wi x th capital expenditure, acquisitions, and joint-venture projects. For this purpose i worked with R and tableauu. ia slo dod ad hoc anlysis and reporting,i did it preferably on tableau beacuse A few possibilities things you should be familiar with: understand what is a chart of accounts is, how costs are allocated at a high level and how costs roll up and down be able to create or recreate a basic financial reporting dashboard in excel be comfortable with excel functions, especially formulas, named ranges, conditional formatting, pivot tables and Vlookups / Hlookups be proficient with discounted cash flows and PV calculations be able to articulate your assumptions, and do some sensitivity analysis around how much your results will vary if your assumptions are inappropriate financila panning and anlysis 1.assess finacial position- past performance, future possibilties of growth financial ratio-capital structure ratio,profitabilty,productivity,liquidity,market value 2.financail raio nalysis-dupont analysis it is a long term analysis- disinteggraeteand lea leverage ratio=assets/equity-cpaital structure ratio,inverse of equity financong ratio(percent of assets finanaced by equity), efr abd dfr are im[prtant to firms access ti debt, asset turnover= sales/asset, productivit ratio, productivity of assets in generating revenue, profit margin=ebit-taxes/sales debt burden ebit-taxes-interset/ebit-taxes multiplying all 4 gives us return on equity Tanya 11, September 2015 What experience do you have in Finance/Accounting field? What made you choose to apply forthis Finance job? What are your top 3 skills that you feel you can bring and help you in this Finance/Accounting job? Can you describe a recent situation in which you accomplished an important objective in a brief period of time? Do you prefer team work or individual work? What process/method do you use to ensure accuracy? How do you manage online finance operations and describe a method you used to prepare a report? When working on a particular project, describe a time when you provided strategic analysis to drive improved decision making. What was the situation? How did you come up with your resolutions? What is the current tax rate in the country you currently live in? What financial experience do you have to date? What have you done to improve your Finance knowledge in the last year? What have you learned from your mistakes in your last Finance job? What is working capital? What are deferred taxes? Explain what is meant byprivate equity. Which method do you use to calculate company assets invested in external projects? In which conditions would a company prefer a debt over equity finance? Explain macroeconomics/capital markets/investment theory? Where do you think interest rates will be 1 year from now? What do you think about the economy and interest rates? Which financial reporting software/method did or have you used in the past? Which departments might you have worked with in the collection of any financial data? Do you have any specific accounting/finance qualifications? Did you ever have to present financial reports to management? What have you learned from your mistakes in your last Finance job? How many transactions where you expected to process on a daily, weekly and monthly basis? Did you reach those targets? What kind of targets did you have to deal with in your last Accounting job? What previous experience do you have in arranging payment agreements? On average what was the volume (number) of invoices you had to collect and/or pay? What would you do if a client could not pay their financial bill? How do you/would you prioritise payments? Do you have any experience in setting credit limits? Talk to me about it? Did you ever stop/cancel orders of non-paying clients? Tell me about it? (NOTE:this is a great opportunity to show off your skills) Do you have any experience in Fraud investigation? Tell me about it? When working on a project, tell me about a time when you provided strategic analysis to drive improved decision making. What was the situation? How did you come up with your resolutions? What is the current tax rate in the country you currently live in? What have you done to improve your Finance knowledge in the last year? What have you learned from your mistakes in your last Finance job? Where do you think interest rates will be 1 year from now? What do you think about the

Monday, November 4, 2019

GDP of Russia (full topic follows) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

GDP of Russia (full topic follows) - Essay Example The paper will examine the various causes of the change in the GDP during this period. The effect of each cause on the Russian GDP will be examined both individually and collectively. The feasibility of developing a mechanism to test whether the identified factors are indeed critical will be examined in detail. The economic policy of the Russian government with special relevance to property rights, taxation, regulations regarding the entry of private players in various sectors including sectors like energy (which is a crucial aspect of the Russian national infrastructure) is also a crucial to the study of the Russian GDP level over the past decade. The establishment of a macroeconomic structure, the reform agenda of the government and its implementation by the Duma, the oil prices in the international market, the value of the Russian rouble during the period of the study is the other aspects which will have a bearing on the study (Korhonen 1998). We will cover the various sectors contributing to the Russian GDP in the next section, in this section; we will analyze the various types of expenditures which contribute to the GDP. The domestic consumption or the private consumption includes the expenditure incurred by a family on a recurring basis like food, rent, medicinal expenses etc. This is difficult to quantify (McKinsey Global Institute 1999). Next component is Capital investment, the hallmark of capital investment is that money is exchanged for either goods or services; another important hallmark is that after the exchange, there is no liability on the provider of the goods or services for repayment at a later stage (McKinsey Global Institute 1999). After having quantified the domestic and the private sector, it is essential to quantify the expenditure incurred by the government. As a rule it includes the salaries paid to the government servants and the expenses incurred by the government towards the infrastructure establ ishment. An important aspect to be borne in mind while estimating the GDP is that all expenditure which does not translate either into physical goods or services provided is not included into the GDP. This includes savings in banks, mutual funds, investments in stock markets etc (McKinsey Global Institute 1999). The final type of expenditure is the net exports. This is the net difference between the exports and imports of the country (World Bank 2002). The above model attempts to estimate GDP based on the expenditures, we can attempt to quantify the GDP based on the income generated by the economy. In this model, the various parameters of importance are the Gross Operating Surplus (GOS) calculated from the gross profits of the incorporated businesses, the Gross Mixed Income (GMI) which measures the gross profits of the various unincorporated businesses and finally the Compensation of Employees (COE) which measures the total compensation paid to all the workers in both the public and the private sectors. This sector also includes the contributions of the employers to the various social security schemes on behalf of their employees. The total of all these factors is an approximation of the total GDP quantified on the basis of the income model (World Bank 2002). Estimation of various Parameters of the Russian GDP It is important to establish the various param

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Trends of violence in juvenile crimes Research Paper

Trends of violence in juvenile crimes - Research Paper Example This paper investigates the current trends in violent juvenile crimes and its reasons. Criminal and violent activities among children are increasing day by day because of the changing life styles among children. Lack of parental care, drug and alcohol addiction, influence of print media, television and internet upon children were some of the main reasons for the childish offenses. Adult crime and juvenile crime are dealt separately by the court. For example, shooting and killing of another person by an adult and a juvenile will be considered differently by the court. â€Å"There are somewhere between 250,000 and 300,000 cases of child sexual abuse each year in the U.S.† (Understanding Juvenile Sex Offenders) â€Å"Juveniles account for about one-quarter of the sex offenses in the U.S.† (JONES, p.1) Most of the juveniles who suffered sexual abuse will hide it from the public view because of shame. Compared to adults, juvenile offenders are more dangerous since in most cases, their abusive behaviour will continue throughout their life span. Some of the juvenile crimes may not be much harmful to the society whereas some other crimes may be violent also. Gun usage is not controlled much in the American society and the juveniles are using it just like a toy in their hands. Even simple juvenile clashes result in shooting incidents which kill or injure lot of innocent people because of the immaturity. The accused terrorist, Mohammad Kazab, who has been caught alive from the recent Mumbai terrorist attack, has argued that he was not an adult, in the court where the trial of the Mumbai attack is going on. Whether it is right or wrong it is a proven fact that juveniles are currently engaged in more dangerous violent activities than before. AK 47 or Missile launchers are not a surprising thing for at least some of them. Reports from Sri Lanka have showed that the Liberation tigers of Tamil Elam (LTTE) have

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Attitude to Exercises and Activity Levels Essay

Attitude to Exercises and Activity Levels - Essay Example Individuals become lazy and less active. Some people are able to counter this by regular exercise schedules to keep the body fit and be physically and mentally alert. But majority of people are unable to find time to do so due to various factors. They become overweight leading to reduced activity levels. However, almost everyone agrees that physical fitness is needed to keep oneself active. Some relevant research works in these aspects are discussed below. Peter D Hart Research Associates reported the results of their survey on attitude towards physical activity and fitness among Americans conducted in 1993. Lack of positive attitude to exercise and poor activity levels were found to be a nation-wide problem not confined to any socio-demographic section. About 54% of less active persons were in the age group of 18 to 44. Physical fitness and overall health were higher in more active groups. Encouragingly, about 60% persons in the less active group desired to be more physically active. But there was no effort to implement this desire. The major constraints cited were: lack of time, poor health, family problems, lack of motivation, lack of access and satisfied with the current status. Health consciousness was the biggest motivator. (Anonymous, undated-a) A survey among university stu... (Mack and Shaddox, 2004) Similar results were reported in schoolchildren of Greece by Christodoulos et al (2006). The authors predicted the possibility of slowing down decline in physical activity due to increasing age. Hagger et al. (1997) in a UK study stressed the need for developing positive attitude among schoolchildren towards physical activity to maintain healthy and active life styles. Findings of Kearney (1999), Margetts et al (1999), Martinez et al (2007) involved studies on attitudes towards physical activity, body weight, health and activity levels. Physical activity was adjudged as more important to be more active and reduce overweight. But a large majority believed their present level of physical activity to be adequate. Removal of stress could be used as a motivator for increased physical activity through exercises. Young, tertiary-educated, slim, non-smoking and active males are more likely to consider physical activity more important. Quinn et al (2008) observed positive effects for physical education programme on obese females. Stein et al (2007) found increased physical activity resulting in increased athletic and social self-perception in boys and girls, but there was no effect on scholastic capability. Amireault et al (2008) identified age and annual income as moderators of intention-behaviour relationship and perceived control of behaviour by testing Azjen's theory of planned behaviour. These moderators could be considered for positive effects of intervention programmes. Seabra et al (2008) observed reduced physical activity in Portuguese female adolescents unlike male adolescents. Based on a review of works in exercise-physical activity, Livingstone et al (2003) concluded that methodology for physical

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Theories of Motivation in Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theories of Motivation in Organization - Essay Example Greater the satisfaction level less will be turnover rate and thus, greater employee retention. One of the most important factors, that govern the employee retention within the organizations, is motivation level of the employees. There are many other factors such as pay, compensation packages and good environment but motivation is the one that serves the purpose. Employees work with innovation and uniqueness only when they are motivated to do so. Successful completion of the tasks depends not only upon the intrinsic rewards but extrinsic as well, such as appreciation by the supervisor that ultimately leads to employee satisfaction and makes them motivated. There is an old saying ‘you can take a horse to the water but you cannot force it to drink’; it will drink only if its thirsty - so is the case with people. Organizations operating in strong economies like UK and USA have considered employee motivation as their foremost and important task to carry out. Their focus is to motivate the employees to such an extent that they work in the best interest of the organization and towards the successful completion of tasks. Human resource department is trying their level best to introduce such policies and strategies that are coherent with the needs and demands of the employees in order to keep them motivated. This paper will shed light on motivation theories with their practical implications in the organization and on the literature dealing with motivation in organizations. One of the most important theories related to motivation is Goal Setting theory proposed by Edwin Locke in 1960. Findings made by Edwin said that intention to work towards a common goal is a major source of work motivation (Robbins, S. and Timothy, J., 2001), however, in order to understand the motivation in the work place there are several dimensions of goal setting theory that explains the motivation. Supervisors in contemporary times motivate

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Observations of babies and young children

Observations of babies and young children There are many different types of knowledge that can be found out about a child when carrying out observations on babies and children. Observations can help a practitioner gain an understanding of a child and whether they may need help or support within any of the areas of their education, personal life, home life and problems that the child may be trying to deal with. We as early years practitioners carry out observations on babies and young children to record and observe their physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social development. It is important to observe these areas of development to make sure that children are meeting their developmental norms in all of these areas. We also observe to be able to find out different techniques of how to promote these areas of development. Communicating with children appropriately within observations is extremely important; the child within this observation could be shy and find it hard to talk to adults, so therefore it is important that the practitioners get down on their level, have a genuine care for them, use open body language, an example of this could be uncrossing your arms and using an appropriate amount of eye contact, for example, not staring at the child, so that the child may feel uneasy and insecure but looking at the child in an ensuring way and trying to connect with them. According to, www.bestpracticenet.co.uk, EYPS Standards, It is important to, Have high expectations of all children and commitment to ensuring that they can achieve their full potential. This can be done by showing a child hat you have faith and confidence within them and their abilitys to grow and develop. This could be done by something as simple as using positive facial expressions, these are important; by doing this it could refle ct your happiness onto the child and by a practitioner being positive and smiling at the child, a young child may look up to you and think of you as a role model. Children will respond to this positive attitude and this may affect their self esteem, confidence and therefore they may want to form a relationship with you. If a child that you are carrying out an observation on is shy or withdrawn, there could be many reasons for this, so it is important to be aware and also to be sensitive to the child and their feelings, as by not doing this, it could affect a childs self esteem. Good skills of language should be used within observations, for example, a practitioner should vary their voice tone and not be too loud or quiet when communicating with a child. By carrying out observations, early years practitioners find out all of the individual needs of the children. This could vary from many different things, for example, if a child needs more support, such as whether they have any special needs or one to one requirements or whether a baby or young child may have problems with their recognition or sight ect. Many problems or abnormalities will be common within babies and young children and could go unnoticed, if observations arent carried out successfully. Observing the development of children can be fascinating. It is important to remember that each child is a unique individual. Children develop as they grow and learn new complex skills. The sequence of development is not the same for all children. An individuals ability progresses at different rates depending on inherited characteristics and the nurturing that child receives. Growth and development will progress well when a childs basic needs for food, warmth, sleep, exercise, encouragement and love are met by reliable adult carers. Development is holistic including physical, intellectual, emotional and social aspects. These areas of development are integrated into a whole special individual. From carrying out observations we can find a general indication of how a baby/child behaves and who they interact with also we can get a general overview of their interests, and what they dont appear to like; which is why it is important to observe so that we can encourage the youngsters to try new things. For example, if a child doesnt seem to be interested in reading books. Then a EYP could find out one of their interests, for example, Thomas the tank engine and then adapt this theme to the book corner. Observing a childs unique development is a rewarding skill to learn. As with all skills within life observation requires practice and it is important to perfect this skill whilst working with children. It is also important to carry out observations so that parents can be aware of their child/ babys progress and this will help the childs parents gain a knowledge and an understanding of their childs ability. It is also important to inform parents and carers about a childs development, as they will also be able to be a part of their childs education, for example, setting up an activity that promotes their childs overall skills and development. It is important to be objective when observing children, this is done by not judging a child and taking everything into consideration and having a positive outlook. EYPs should not have fixed views or a subjective manner before observing a child. For example, if someone tells you that a child that your going to observe is very naughty and very behind in their development stages. An early years practitioner should observe the child with no fixed views and not judge the child on what others may have said. When children are born, mid-wives or nurses come to the mothers house to be able to monitor and observe the child and make sure that they are developing properly, for example, putting on weight. When children go to nursery and school EYPs have many different observations that they carry out on the children for all of the different types of development. And they also plan activities on the basis of these observations. Before an observation is carried out it is important that many Ethical considerations are taken in to account. This includes many different factors that may affect the observation, for example, EYPs have to make sure that get permission from the supervisor of my placement, this is done by simply asking if it was acceptable if they carried an out an observation. It is important to consider getting the document signed after it had been completed. EYPs should know that they need a teacher or supervisor to advise them on their observation or whether it needed their advise and at what level they needed them to consult at. They also had to know what information should be shared with the teacher and the parents about the observation I have done. They also have to take into account the health and well-being of a child. According to, www.bestpracticenet.co.uk, EYPs Standards, Early years practitioners should, Plan and provide safe and appropriate child-led and adult initiated experiences, activities and play opportunities in indoor, outdoor and in out-of-setting contexts, which enable children to develop and learn. This is done by making sure that when the observation or activity is going to take place a child should be safe at all times and there should be no potential risks to the child. Also they have to think about how they would report the information, how they would set out the observation, whether the children could have been ill or could have suffered from a virus recently and wasnt their self, the child might suffer from a disease or a behaviour disorder. The time of day is important because if the child is hungry it might not be its normal self and might not be up to showing its skills, so therefore the observation might not be as successful. It is important to choose a random child and make sure that differentiation is included. Early Years Practitioners should also consider their own health, hygiene and well being before carrying out an observation. When carrying out an observation it is important to use the correct method for the certain type of development that is being observed or monitored. For example, if a child has special needs, etc. Then an EYP may observe them to see if they need any additional help, such as, one to ones, being seen by a nurse for its overall well-being or other issues. A child with special needs may need a translator for sign language or they may need their work or activitys put into Braille. Children with special needs may enjoy or learn more when doing sensory activitys. Additional needs children may require many specialists opinions or help, for example, speech therapists. Also it is extremely important that all children are treated equally and with dignity and respect. It is important that we inform parents of their childs progress regularly and that they are aware of any under development seen from observations; we must inform parents who can then take further action in involving a doctor, psycho logist, pedetrition, school worker. Children that are non-English, for example, they dont understand the English language and they cant speak or communicate the English language. This is can be quite a difficult situation; I have observed in one of my placements a similar situation. A girl came over from India and she could speak a little English but did not understand fully, to be able to succeed in many activitys within the classroom. This child was helped by the teacher using, phonics and the child was also provided with one to one help. However in extreme cases where children may not understand or speak any English at all, translators are useful. For a child that may struggle with the English language there are many ways or helping them understand and learn, for example, picture card activitys as this will stimulate their recognition of different objects. Also a child may benefit from, ICT and audio facilities, interacting and playing with other children. And it is crucial that a child that doesnt speak any English has lots of contact and communication with English speakers. From the ages of 0-3 children have strong social needs. At a very young age children form strong attachments. The Psychologist John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist, describing attachment as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings (Bowlby, 1969, p. 194). He believed that the earliest bonds formed by children with their caregivers have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life. According to Bowlby, attachment also serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the childs chances of survival. The main theme of attachment theory is that mothers who are available and responsive to their infants needs to establish a sense of security. The infant knows that the caregiver is dependable, which creates a secure base for the child to then explore the world. So from a very early age children require eye contact and smiles. Also children need to hear language as this may comfort them or stop them from crying, this can be known as a distraction technique. When dealing with children its important to use your initiative, for example, if a child is crying, they may be tired or need feeding. Children enjoy listening to music and enjoy taking part in activitys that have an audio input, for example, According to, www.earlychildhoodeducation.co.uk, under how singing and music classes can benefit children, As a baby, hears the voices of its parents singing. Hearing songs, rhymes and simple rhythms can be very comforting for young children, especially when theyre feeling upset, irritated or tired out. It can help them relax and go to sleep, or music can be invigorating and exciting. By providing children with musical activities it will help them to thrive socially and increase their social development. As activitys like this encourage team work, for example, sharing. Children need to feel safe and secure around the people within their environment and their environment should be positive. This creates a foundation of which children can build on for social development. Children of this age have strong physical needs, Children need to be in an appropriate environment in which they will be allowed to grow and develop properly. For example, by experimenting and playing with different things both inside and outside of a setting. Children should be exposed to gross motor skills such as, running. And fine motor skills such as drawing and painting. Children that consume an unbalanced diet will be at risk of developing many problems. A balanced diet is important to maintain health and a sensible body weight. No single food will provide all the essential nutrients that the body needs to be healthy and function efficiently and properly. The nutritional value of a persons diet depends on the overall mixture, or balance, of food that is eaten over a period of time, as well as on the needs of the individual. A diet which includes a variety of different foods is most likely to provide all the essential nutrients. Children need energy for our bodies to function properly but the balance between carbohydrate, protein and fat must be right for us to remain healthy. Too much fat can lead to overweight, obesity and other serious health problems such as heart disease and cancer. Too little protein can lead to problems with growth and repair in the body. Eating sugary foods or drinks too often without appropriate dental hygiene can lead to po or dental health. We need enough vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre for health. A variety of different foods and particularly plenty of fruits and vegetables will help to ensure that we get the right mix. Research has shown that there are other naturally occurring substances in foods, particularly plant foods such as fruits and vegetables which are also beneficial to health. (School age children and youths, Nutrition notes) EYPs should know that children need a routine to be able to feel safe and secure; they need to know and feel that they know what is going on and that they are in control. Each child within my setting has a different routine, however I am familiar with all of them. For example, when a child cries they may need a bottle or they may just want or need a cuddle, (physical attention). When feeding a child it is important to make eating a fun thing to do, so it is good practice to smile and communicate with the children throughout. Children should be provided with sleep and rest as this will restore their energy within their bodies. Activities such as lullabys and storys should be provided to a child. As this will be a fun activity to be part of. When dealing with children, it is important to take into consideration all the areas of hygiene, for example, when changing a nappy, an apron and gloves should be worn and children should be cleaned with either cotton wool or wipes, or in some cases by bathing. When children get mucky during a day at my placement, for example, after an activity, dinner or tea. Children may need their clothes changing even though most children do wear bibs. Also within my setting we have alcohol gel that we use to make our hands clean and I make sure that I wash my hands throughout the day. As this will get rid of germs and therefore you will be more hygienic. Childrens emotional needs are to be cared for and to be loved and to be shown affection. Early years practitioners must, establish fair, respectful, trusting, supportive and constructive relationships with children. It is also important to communicate sensitively and effectively with children from birth to the end of the foundation stage. Children should be listened to, and EYPs should pay attention to what they say and value and respect their views. Early years practitioners must also demonstrate the positive values, attitudes and behaviour they expect from children. As this will help them grow and develop and help them achieve their goals. There are a whole range of recording methods that can be used when observing children it is important the correct method is used for the type of observation, for instance: a mapping observation can help record and monitor the childs attention span. But this observation must be recorded accurately and using the proper format. It is vital that when observing a child you do not make anything up, exaggerate a situation, be imprecise and that all information and recordings are accurate and true; this is why is is important that a supervisor signs the finished copy. Many settings use tick charts and check lists, this is good for monitoring the childs fine and gross motor skills and then linking them to the norms to then evaluate their needs or to find out activitys that may promote their skills. Tick charts work better if comments and evaluations are also used to bring them to life or when you link them to other observations that you have done. Observing children over a long period of time is a lovely way of both observing children and providing a structure for planning for individual children. This method works well with all age ranges and is popular with parents. The idea is that you carry out a short written observation, take a photograph if possible and then draw some conclusions about what you have seen. You also include some suggestions of what the childs next steps might be and ways in which they might be supported. A narrative observation includes noting down all of the childs language; this is good for recording and monitoring their language and social development. Event sample is good for attention span, behaviour or for looking at all of the different activitys that a child may take part in. A childs intellectual development can be monitored it includes noting down everything a child says and who they communicate with. It is important to have many methods of observation to be able to observe all of the childs skills and different areas of development. Children have a right to be observed and monitored to make sure that their development is at the right level. From observing we are able to see if there are any delays in development. Which in some cases, a doctor or other specialists would need to be informed and a child maybe taken in for tests or other procedures. After each observation, EYPs link the childs development to the norms of development; by doing this you could find out whether the child is behind, on the right level or in front of their years. We will also be able to see whether a child has hearing difficulties, which they would probably be told to go see a doctor and a doctor would recommend a place to go to or a treatment which a child may need. It is important that as an EYP we try and communicate with children and this is done by singing to a child, talking, asking them questions an d taking part in audio activitys, such as, nursery rhymes or singing activities. According to, ecrp.uiuc.edu, 2007, Children are unique and complex and thus often difficult to comprehend. And they do not readily engage us in dialogue in order to explain the reasons for their caprice as they explore the world that surrounds them. Yet, as practitioners it is important for us to know our children deeply, to flow with their currents, and to extend their nascent theories about how the world work. This can be done by observing and evaluation a childs needs.